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Related Concept Videos

What is the Immune System?01:38

What is the Immune System?

Overview
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview
Cross-reactivity00:42

Cross-reactivity

Overview
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...

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Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Generation of Two-color Antigen Microarrays for the Simultaneous Detection of IgG and IgM Autoantibodies
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Autoimmunity: present concepts.

C R Stiller, A S Russell, J B Dossetor

    Annals of Internal Medicine
    |March 1, 1975
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Autoimmune diseases involve complex immune responses, not just autoantibodies. Current diagnostic and treatment strategies for autoimmune conditions may need re-evaluation based on new understandings of self-tolerance and immunoregulation.

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    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Autoimmunity
    • Medical Research

    Background:

    • Autoimmune diseases are traditionally linked to humoral and cell-mediated immune responses.
    • The clonal selection theory alone cannot fully explain self-tolerance.
    • Normal individuals possess self-reactive cells, regulated by complex immune mechanisms.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To re-examine the basis for diagnosing autoimmune diseases.
    • To reassess treatment rationales for autoimmune conditions.
    • To incorporate recent findings on immunoregulation into clinical practice.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of current literature on immunology and autoimmunity.
    • Analysis of the role of autoantibodies in immune regulation.
    • Evaluation of T cell-mediated and complement pathways in autoimmunity.

    Main Results:

    • Self-tolerance is actively regulated, involving antigen-antibody complexes and suppressor T cells.
    • The presence of autoantibodies does not definitively diagnose autoimmune disease.
    • Absence of autoantibodies might indicate an immunodeficient state leading to disease.

    Conclusions:

    • Diagnosis of autoimmune disease requires a broader perspective beyond autoantibody presence.
    • Treatment strategies inhibiting all immune responses to autoantigens need re-evaluation.
    • Understanding active immunoregulation is crucial for managing autoimmune diseases.