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Epstein-Barr virus encephalitis in children.

K L Hung¹, H T Liao, M L Tsai

¹Department of Pediatrics, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. klhung@ms10.hinet.net

Acta Paediatrica Taiwanica = Taiwan Er Ke Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi

|August 2, 2000

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Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) encephalitis in children presents with diverse neurological symptoms. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is key, but single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) better detects perfusion abnormalities.

Area of Science:

Pediatric Neurology
Infectious Diseases
Neuroimaging

Background:

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) can cause serious neurological complications in children.
EBV encephalitis presents with a wide range of clinical and neurological manifestations.

Purpose of the Study:

To characterize the clinical, laboratory, and neuroradiological findings of EBV encephalitis in a pediatric cohort.
To highlight the diagnostic utility of different neuroimaging techniques.

Main Methods:

Retrospective review of 14 pediatric patients with EBV encephalitis (1988-1998).
Analysis of clinical symptoms, laboratory data, electroencephalography (EEG), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT).

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Main Results:

Neurological presentations varied, including Alice in Wonderland syndrome and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis.
Common symptoms: fever, seizures, altered consciousness, and metamorphopsia.
MRI revealed lesions in 56% of cases; SPECT identified perfusion abnormalities in 75%.

Conclusions:

EBV encephalitis exhibits diverse neurological manifestations in children.
EBV should be considered in pediatric acute neurological illnesses of unknown cause.
MRI is crucial, but SPECT offers superior detection of perfusion deficits.