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Acute aphasia in multiple sclerosis.

T R Devere1, J L Trotter, A H Cross

  • 1Barnes Jewish Hospital, Campus Box 8111, 660 S Euclid Ave, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.

Archives of Neurology
|August 6, 2000
PubMed
Summary
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Acute aphasia is a rare symptom of multiple sclerosis (MS). This study details three MS patients experiencing acute aphasia due to new brain lesions, with two responding well to steroid treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroimmunology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system.
  • Acute neurological deficits are common in MS, but aphasia is an uncommon presentation.
  • Understanding rare MS manifestations is crucial for comprehensive patient care.

Observation:

  • This report describes three patients with diagnosed multiple sclerosis presenting with acute aphasia during exacerbations.
  • Clinical presentation included mixed transcortical aphasia, transcortical motor aphasia, and Broca aphasia.
  • Cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with contrast enhancement identified new white matter lesions in the left hemisphere in all cases.

Findings:

  • The observed aphasias were directly correlated with new demyelinating lesions in language-dominant brain regions.

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  • Two out of the three patients demonstrated significant improvement following treatment with intravenous methylprednisolone sodium succinate.
  • These findings highlight aphasia as a potential, albeit rare, acute presentation of multiple sclerosis.

    • Implications:

    • This case series expands the spectrum of acute neurological deficits associated with multiple sclerosis exacerbations.
    • It underscores the importance of considering MS in patients presenting with unexplained acute aphasia, particularly those with a history of neurological symptoms.
    • Early diagnosis and treatment with corticosteroids may lead to favorable outcomes in such cases.