[Facial bone reconstruction. Review of particularities and procedures]

The authors report the particularities of the cranio-maxillofacial skeleton and the aims of the reconstruction procedures: osteogenesis, osteoconduction, osteoinduction. They review the various procedures, their abilities, some technical notes, their advantages and disadvantages. They analyse in order: classical bone autografts, pedicled bone flaps (arterio-osseous, fascio-osseous, myo-osseous flaps), free bone flaps, classical and pedicled periosteal transplantations. They also describe the mechanical and biological procedures of bone stimulation: bone distraction, guided bone regeneration, bone growth factors, and the biomaterials, especially coral and enosseous implants. They conclude that, in facial reconstruction, the best material is the autologous bone membranous and vascularized.