Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 15, 2026

Standardized Protocol to Evaluate the Effect of Surface Treatments, Luting Cements, and Thermocycling on PEEK–Composite Bond Strength
Published on: June 9, 2026
Influence of formaline cresol on bond strength of adhesive luting agents to dentin
1Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Nagasaki University School of Dentistry, Nagasaki, Japan. soeno@net.nagasaki-u.ac.jp
Abstract:
The present study investigates the influence of the pulpotomy agent formaline cresol (FC) on bond strength between dentin and five adhesive systems (Super-Bond C&B, Bistite II, Imperva Dual Set, Panavia 21, and Panavia 21 with AD Gel). After the dentin surfaces of 75 bovine teeth (including 25 control samples) were exposed by grinding, 25 of the samples were soaked in FC for 2 days, and 25 samples were soaked for 7 days. Samples were bonded to acrylic rods using five adhesive systems, and tensile bond strengths were determined after 1-day immersion in water. Data were analysed by analysis of variance and Duncan's new multiple range test, and the fractured surfaces were observed through a scanning electron microscope. The bond strengths were found to be influenced by the type of system, soaking period, and their combination. The bond strength values of three adhesive systems (Super-Bond C&B, Imperva Dual Set Bistite II, and Panavia 21 with AD Gel) decreased after soaking in FC. After 7 days of FC exposure, the highest bond strength (9.8+/-2.9 MPa) was obtained with the Super-Bond C&B system.
Related Concept Videos
Bonding and Strength of Aggregate
Complexometric Titration: Ligands
Strength of Cement
For compressive strength tests, ASTM C 109-05 standards prescribe a cement-sand mix ratio of 1:2.75 and a water/cement ratio of 0.485 for making 2-inch cubes. These cubes are mixed, cast, and cured in saturated lime water at 23°C until testing. Flexural strength testing, outlined in ASTM C...
Mortar Properties
EDTA: Chemistry and Properties
EDTA: Conditional Formation Constant
For the equilibrium reaction of the metal with the Y4− form of EDTA, the formation...
