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Fowl typhoid and pullorum disease.

H L Shivaprasad1

  • 1California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, Fresno Branch, University of California, Davis 93725, USA.

Revue Scientifique Et Technique (International Office of Epizootics)
|August 10, 2000
PubMed
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Fowl typhoid (FT) and pullorum disease (PD) are serious bacterial infections in poultry caused by Salmonella Gallinarum and S. Pullorum. Eradication is achievable through serological testing and removing infected birds.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Microbiology
  • Avian Pathology
  • Bacteriology

Background:

  • Fowl typhoid (FT) and pullorum disease (PD) are septicaemic infections in poultry, primarily chickens and turkeys.
  • Caused by Gram-negative bacteria Salmonella Gallinarum and S. Pullorum, respectively, these diseases lead to significant mortality and production losses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of fowl typhoid and pullorum disease in poultry.
  • To detail the clinical signs, pathological lesions, transmission, diagnosis, and control strategies for these diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on Salmonella Gallinarum and S. Pullorum infections.
  • Analysis of diagnostic methods including bacterial isolation, biochemical differentiation, and serological testing.

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  • Examination of control and eradication strategies such as testing, culling, vaccination, and antibiotic treatment.

    • Main Results:

    • FT and PD present with distinct clinical signs and gross/microscopic lesions in chicks and mature fowl.
    • Transovarian infection is a key transmission route.
    • Salmonella Pullorum exhibits rapid ornithine decarboxylation, differentiating it from Salmonella Gallinarum.
    • Serological tests are effective for disease detection.

    Conclusions:

    • Fowl typhoid and pullorum disease can be controlled and eradicated through serological testing and elimination of positive birds.
    • While widespread, these diseases have been eradicated from commercial poultry in many developed countries.
    • Due to high host adaptation, S. Gallinarum and S. Pullorum pose minimal public health risks.