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Highly pathogenic avian influenza.

D E Swayne1, D L Suarez

  • 1Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Athens, Georgia 30605, USA.

Revue Scientifique Et Technique (International Office of Epizootics)
|August 10, 2000
PubMed
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Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) causes severe poultry disease and mortality, while mildly pathogenic avian influenza (MPAI) results in less severe infections. HPAI requires eradication, whereas MPAI may be managed with control programs.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Virology
  • Disease Ecology

Background:

  • Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) is a severe, contagious disease in poultry caused by specific H5 and H7 influenza A virus subtypes.
  • Mildly pathogenic avian influenza (MPAI) strains cause subclinical or milder respiratory/reproductive issues in domestic and wild birds.
  • HPAI is a List A disease (OIE), while MPAI is not officially classified, highlighting differing global health concerns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To differentiate between highly pathogenic and mildly pathogenic avian influenza.
  • To outline management strategies for both HPAI and MPAI.

Main Methods:

  • Review of HPAI and MPAI characteristics, including etiology, reservoirs, and disease presentation.
  • Analysis of documented HPAI outbreaks and historical management approaches.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Identification of key components for avian influenza control strategies.

    • Main Results:

    • HPAI outbreaks are rare but severe, necessitating eradication; MPAI viruses circulate in wild birds and can spill over to poultry.
    • HPAI strains can emerge from MPAI strains via mutations in the hemagglutinin protein.
    • Effective management strategies for HPAI focus on prevention and eradication, while MPAI may involve control programs.

    Conclusions:

    • HPAI requires strict biosecurity, surveillance, quarantine, and depopulation for eradication.
    • MPAI management may include control programs, surveillance, and vaccination, differing from HPAI strategies.
    • A comprehensive approach involving surveillance, biosecurity, and education is crucial for managing both HPAI and MPAI.