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Reproductive Cloning

Reproductive Cloning

Reproductive cloning is the process of producing a genetically identical copy—a clone—of an entire organism. While clones can be produced by splitting an early embryo—similar to what happens naturally with identical twins—cloning of adult animals is usually done by a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT).
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
In SCNT, an egg cell is taken from an animal and its nucleus is removed, creating an enucleated egg. Then a somatic cell—any cell that is not a sex...

CRISPR

CRISPR

Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short...

Reproductive Cloning

Reproductive Cloning

Reproductive cloning is the process of producing a genetically identical copy—a clone—of an entire organism. While clones can be produced by splitting an early embryo—similar to what happens naturally with identical twins—cloning of adult animals is usually done by a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT).
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
In SCNT, an egg cell is taken from an animal and its nucleus is removed, creating an enucleated egg. Then a somatic cell—any cell that is not a sex...

In Vitro Fertilization

In Vitro Fertilization

In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a form of assisted reproductive technology where an egg is fertilized with sperm in a controlled laboratory environment before transferring the resulting embryo into the uterus. This process is designed to help individuals and couples experiencing difficulties conceiving.
The IVF process begins with ovarian stimulation, during which reproductive endocrinologists prescribe hormonal medications to stimulate the ovaries to produce multiple eggs instead of the single...

Infertility in Males

Infertility in Males

Male infertility affects millions of couples worldwide, arising from various factors that impact different stages of the reproductive process. An endocrine imbalance resulting from conditions like hypogonadism, Klinefelter syndrome, or pituitary disorders can disrupt hormone levels and reduce sperm production. Testicular defects, such as tumors, cryptorchidism, atrophic testes, abnormal sperm morphology, and low sperm count or motility, may arise due to genetic factors, structural...

Infertility in Females

Infertility in Females

Female infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse and affects about 10–15% of couples worldwide. The primary cause of female infertility is ovulatory disorders, which hinder the release of eggs. These disorders can be classified as hypothalamic amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure, and hyperprolactinemic anovulation disorders.
Endometriosis, a condition characterized by abnormal growth of endometrial...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Fertility Preservation Through Oocyte Vitrification: Clinical and Laboratory Perspectives

Fertility Preservation Through Oocyte Vitrification: Clinical and Laboratory Perspectives

Published on: September 16, 2021

[The basic problems and outlook for assisted reproductive technologies].

I Kozovski¹, V Markova, M Andonov

¹University of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Centre, Varna.

Akusherstvo I Ginekologiia

|August 19, 2000

Summary

This article reviews challenges in assisted reproductive technology (ART), including ovarian stimulation, embryo transfer, and ethical concerns. It also covers complications like OHSS and multiple pregnancies, offering solutions and future outlooks.

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Area of Science:

Reproductive medicine andrology and embryology
In vitro fertilization (IVF) and assisted reproductive technologies (ART)

Context:

Assisted reproductive technology (ART) encompasses complex procedures with potential challenges.
Current practices in ART involve various stages from ovarian stimulation to embryo transfer.

Purpose:

To discuss prevalent issues and complications encountered in assisted reproductive technology (ART).
To outline prophylactic and therapeutic strategies for managing ART-related complications.
To explore future perspectives and advancements in ART for the new millennium.

Summary:

The article examines problems in ART, including controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) protocols, culture media, embryo transfer, and luteal phase support.
Key complications such as empty follicle syndrome, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), and multiple pregnancies are discussed.
Prophylactic and therapeutic measures for these complications are presented, alongside an outlook on ART's future.

Impact:

Provides a comprehensive overview of ART challenges and solutions for clinicians and researchers.
Highlights the importance of addressing ethical, financial, religious, and legal aspects in ART.
Offers insights into the evolving landscape and future directions of assisted reproductive technologies.