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[Two patients with xerophthalmia].

J Horwath¹, U Stelzl, M Bachernegg

¹Univ. Augenklinik, Graz.

Klinische Monatsblatter Fur Augenheilkunde

|August 19, 2000

Summary

Xerophthalmia, an eye condition from vitamin A deficiency, can cause blindness. Early diagnosis and treatment of hypovitaminosis A are crucial for preventing vision loss.

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Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Nutritional Science
Public Health

Background:

Xerophthalmia, a severe eye condition resulting from vitamin A deficiency, is a significant cause of preventable blindness globally, particularly in developing nations.
While uncommon in industrialized countries, its potential presence necessitates awareness among healthcare professionals.

Observation:

Two cases of hypovitaminosis A presented with night blindness and xerosis (dryness) of the conjunctiva and cornea.
One patient's vitamin A deficiency stemmed from short bowel syndrome secondary to gastroschisis.
The second patient experienced primary hypovitaminosis A due to severe malnutrition from inadequate dietary intake.

Findings:

Electroretinograms confirmed vitamin A deficiency in both patients.
Symptoms of night blindness and xerosis significantly improved following vitamin A supplementation.
These cases highlight the diverse etiologies of vitamin A deficiency, including malabsorption and dietary insufficiency.

Implications:

Ophthalmologists in developed countries should consider xerophthalmia in the differential diagnosis of night blindness and ocular surface xerosis.
Prompt identification and appropriate vitamin A therapy are essential to avert irreversible visual impairment.
Raising awareness about xerophthalmia is critical for preserving vision, even in regions where it is considered rare.

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