Modeling the large-scale geometry of human coronary arteries

Two principles suffice to model the large-scale geometry of normal human coronary arterial networks. The first principle states that artery diameters are set to minimize the power required to distribute blood through the network. The second principle states that arterial tree geometries are set to globally minimize the lumen volume. Given only the coordinates of an arterial tree's source and "leaves", the model predicts the nature of the network connecting the source to the leaves. Measurements were made of the actual geometries of arterial trees from postmortem healthy human coronary arteriograms. The tree geometries predicted by the model look qualitatively similar to the actual tree geometries and have volumes that are within a few percent of those of the actual tree geometries. Human coronary arteries are therefore within a few percent of perfect global volume optimality. A possible mechanism for this near-perfect global volume optimality is suggested. Also, the model performs best under the assumption that the flow is not entirely steady and laminar.