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Related Experiment Videos

Chirality and its implications in transdermal drug development.

I K Reddy1, T R Kommuru, A A Zaghloul

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech School of Pharmacy, Amarillo 79106, USA.

Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems
|August 25, 2000
PubMed
Summary

Chiral drugs show different skin permeation based on their stereochemistry. Understanding these enantiomeric differences is key for developing effective transdermal drug delivery systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Drug Delivery
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Over 50% of marketed drugs are chiral, with stereochemistry significantly impacting their biological actions.
  • The stratum corneum, a key barrier in transdermal permeation, may offer a chiral environment due to its composition.
  • Enantioselective permeation of chiral drugs across the skin is an area of active research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review skin structure and transport mechanisms relevant to chiral molecules.
  • To summarize recent findings on enantioselective permeation of chiral drugs and excipients.
  • To discuss the influence of physicochemical and thermodynamic properties on enantiomer and racemate permeability.
  • To provide an overview of regulatory considerations for chiral drug product development.

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Main Methods:

  • Literature review of skin structure, transport, and enantioselective permeation studies.
  • Analysis of factors influencing transdermal diffusion, including penetration enhancers.
  • Discussion of thermodynamic properties and their predictive value for permeability.
  • Examination of regulatory guidelines for chiral drugs.

Main Results:

  • Enantioselective permeation of chiral compounds through the skin has been observed.
  • Chiral excipients, such as terpene enhancers, can influence enantioselective permeation.
  • Physicochemical and thermodynamic properties are crucial for predicting and controlling the permeability of enantiomers and racemates.
  • Skin's stratum corneum may provide a chiral environment influencing drug permeation.

Conclusions:

  • Stereochemistry critically affects chiral drug behavior in transdermal delivery.
  • Understanding enantioselective permeation is vital for optimizing transdermal chiral drug products.
  • Thermodynamic analysis offers predictive insights into chiral drug flux.
  • Regulatory guidance is essential for the development of chiral transdermal medications.