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Two-component signal transduction.

A M Stock1, V L Robinson, P N Goudreau

  • 1Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA. stock@cabm.rutgers.edu

Annual Review of Biochemistry
|August 31, 2000
PubMed
Summary

Signal transduction pathways in prokaryotes and eukaryotes utilize two-component systems. These systems involve histidine protein kinases and response regulators that transmit environmental signals through phosphotransfer reactions.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Prokaryotic and some eukaryotic signaling relies on two-component systems.
  • These systems involve histidine protein kinases (HPKs) and response regulator (RR) proteins.
  • HPKs autophosphorylate and transfer the phosphoryl group to RRs, initiating a cellular response.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the fundamental mechanisms of two-component signal transduction.
  • To highlight the adaptability and modularity of these conserved signaling proteins.
  • To provide a basis for understanding the broader family of two-component systems.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of conserved protein domains and phosphotransfer mechanisms.
  • Examination of structural and functional aspects of histidine protein kinases and response regulators.

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  • Comparative study of representative two-component proteins.

    • Main Results:

    • Phosphorylation of HPKs and subsequent transfer to RRs induces conformational changes.
    • The core structures and activities of these domains remain consistent across variations.
    • Modular domain organization allows for diverse pathway integration.

    Conclusions:

    • Two-component systems are highly adaptable signaling mechanisms.
    • Understanding representative proteins aids in comprehending this large protein family.
    • These systems are crucial for cellular responses to environmental stimuli.