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In vitro cytotoxic effects of orthodontic appliances
P Locci1, C Lilli, L Marinucci
1Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Italy. locci@unipg.it
Journal of Biomedical Materials Research
|September 14, 2000
Summary
Orthodontic appliances can impact cell function. Unwashed appliances are more cytotoxic, with brackets being the least biocompatible component and arch wires the most. Copper ions significantly reduced cell DNA synthesis.
Area of Science:
- Biomaterials Science
- Orthodontics
- Cell Biology
Background:
- Orthodontic appliances are essential for dental alignment.
- Understanding their biocompatibility is crucial for patient safety.
- Cellular responses to orthodontic materials require detailed investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the cytotoxic effects of orthodontic appliances and their components on fibroblast cell functions.
- To compare the biocompatibility of brackets, bands, and arch wires.
- To identify specific metal ions responsible for cellular toxicity.
Main Methods:
- In vitro cell culture of fibroblasts exposed to orthodontic appliances (unwashed, washed, and immersion media).
- Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) for morphological analysis.
- Assessment of cell proliferation and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis using radiolabeled precursors.
Main Results:
- Unwashed orthodontic appliances exhibited higher cytotoxicity compared to washed appliances.
- Arch wires demonstrated the highest biocompatibility, while brackets showed the least.
- Copper ions (Cu++) at concentrations released by aged appliances caused the most significant reduction in DNA synthesis.
Conclusions:
- Orthodontic appliance preparation (washing) significantly reduces cytotoxicity.
- Material selection is critical, with arch wires being more biocompatible than brackets.
- Released metal ions, particularly copper, pose a risk to cellular functions like DNA synthesis.