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Related Experiment Videos

Visceral endoderm mediates forebrain development by suppressing posteriorizing signals.

C Kimura1, K Yoshinaga, E Tian

  • 1Department of Morphogenesis, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Honjo 2-2-1, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan.

Developmental Biology
|September 14, 2000
PubMed
Summary

The anterior visceral endoderm (AVE) acts as a head organizer in mice. Otx2 gene is crucial for AVE cell movement and anterior neuroectoderm development, preventing posteriorizing signals.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • The anterior visceral endoderm (AVE) is implicated in mammalian head development.
  • Its precise role in anterior neuroectoderm induction and patterning remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the Otx2 gene in AVE function and anterior neuroectoderm development.
  • To identify regulatory elements controlling gene expression in the visceral endoderm.

Main Methods:

  • Identification of a 5'-flanking region of the mouse Otx2 gene (VEcis) regulating transgene expression in visceral endoderm.
  • Analysis of VEcis-driven transgene expression in transgenic embryos at various developmental stages.
  • Otx2 knockout (Otx2-/-) mouse model and rescue experiments.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Germ-layer explant assays combining ectoderm and visceral endoderm.

    • Main Results:

    • VEcis activity marks cells that migrate anteriorly to form the AVE.
    • Otx2 is essential for the anterior migration of distal visceral endoderm cells.
    • In Otx2(-/-) embryos, AVE formation and anterior neuroectoderm markers are absent.
    • The AVE suppresses posterior markers in the ectoderm, a function dependent on Otx2.

    Conclusions:

    • Otx2 is critical for the anterior movement of visceral endoderm cells, establishing the prospective forebrain territory.
    • Otx2 is also required for the AVE to repress posteriorizing signals in the ectoderm.
    • The AVE indirectly promotes forebrain development by preventing posteriorization.