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Related Experiment Videos

Supercooling molecular hydrogen down through the superfluid transition.

I I Smolyaninov1

  • 1Electrical Engineering Department, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|September 27, 2000
PubMed
Summary

Strong electric fields can induce surface melting of solid hydrogen, creating liquid and superfluid states. This research explores electric field effects on hydrogen phases and estimates conditions for stabilizing liquid hydrogen at superfluid transition temperatures.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Surface Science
  • Quantum Fluids

Background:

  • Theoretical calculations suggest molecular hydrogen can remain liquid and superfluid in strong electric fields (approx. 4x10^7 V/cm).
  • Localized electrons above solid hydrogen surfaces or charged hydrogen crystals can generate such strong local electric fields.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the existence of strong local electric fields above solid hydrogen surfaces.
  • To investigate the effect of these electric fields on the phase of molecular hydrogen.
  • To determine the conditions necessary for stabilizing liquid hydrogen at superfluid transition temperatures.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of electric fields generated by electron layers and charged hydrogen crystals.
  • Experimental measurement of photoresonance transition frequency shifts for 2D electron layers above charged solid hydrogen.

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  • Temperature range of experiments: 7-13.8 K.

    • Main Results:

    • Confirmed the presence of strong local electric fields (similar magnitude to theoretical predictions) above solid hydrogen.
    • Experimental data supports the prediction of electric field-induced surface melting of hydrogen.
    • Estimated the required surface charge density to stabilize liquid molecular hydrogen at superfluid transition temperatures.

    Conclusions:

    • Strong local electric fields, achievable experimentally, can induce surface melting of solid hydrogen.
    • This phenomenon opens possibilities for creating and studying liquid and superfluid hydrogen under unique conditions.
    • The findings provide insights into the phase behavior of molecular hydrogen in extreme electric fields.