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Phyto-oestrogens and cardiovascular disease risk
Y T van der Schouw1, M J de Kleijn, P H Peeters
1Julius Center for Patient Oriented Research, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Nutrition, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases : NMCD
|September 28, 2000
Summary
Phyto-estrogens, plant compounds with estrogen-like effects, show potential cardiovascular benefits by lowering cholesterol and improving vascular function. However, more human studies are needed to confirm these effects and assess risks.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Science
- Endocrinology
- Nutritional Science
Background:
- Phyto-estrogens are plant-derived compounds with estrogen-like activity, found in various foods like soy, beans, and grains.
- They act as selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), influencing estrogenic pathways.
- Current research explores their impact on cardiovascular health, with varying methodologies for assessing intake.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review existing evidence on the cardiovascular benefits and risks of phyto-estrogen consumption.
- To synthesize findings from studies investigating phyto-estrogens' effects on cardiovascular disease risk factors.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive literature search of Medline (1966-1999) and cross-referenced studies.
- Keywords included phyto-estrogens, isoflavones, lignans, and cardiovascular disease risk factors.
- Data synthesis focused on studies examining phyto-estrogen intake and cardiovascular parameters.
Main Results:
- Supplementation with soy protein rich in isoflavones (genistein, daidzein) reduced serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides in animal and human studies.
- Phyto-estrogen intake may improve vascular reactivity.
- Animal studies suggest a potential for atherosclerosis risk reduction, but human evidence is limited.
Conclusions:
- Phyto-estrogens, particularly isoflavones, demonstrate potential cardiovascular benefits, including lipid-lowering effects and improved vascular function.
- While animal studies show promise for risk reduction, robust human data on clinical endpoints are scarce.
- Further research is crucial to elucidate the long-term cardiovascular effects and optimal intake of different phyto-estrogen classes, like lignans, in human populations.