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The endothelial surface layer.

A R Pries1, T W Secomb, P Gaehtgens

  • 1Dept. of Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany.

Pflugers Archiv : European Journal of Physiology
|September 28, 2000
PubMed
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The endothelial surface layer (ESL) is a thick, vital structure lining blood vessels, regulating blood flow and material exchange. This review explores its composition, function, and clinical significance.

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical science
  • Physiology
  • Vascular biology

Background:

  • The endothelium's luminal surface features a glycocalyx, approximately tens of nanometers thick.
  • In vivo studies reveal a much thicker endothelial surface layer (ESL), ranging from 0.5 to over 1 micrometer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evidence for the existence of the ESL.
  • To discuss hypotheses regarding its composition and biophysical properties.
  • To examine the ESL's relevance to physiological processes and potential clinical implications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and in vivo investigations.
  • Analysis of electron microscopy data.
  • Biophysical property assessment.

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Main Results:

  • The ESL is significantly thicker than the glycocalyx, impacting plasma flow.
  • The ESL acts as a barrier, restricting red blood cell and macromolecular solute movement.
  • Evidence supports the ESL's critical role in vascular homeostasis.

Conclusions:

  • The ESL is a crucial, thick layer of the endothelium with significant physiological roles.
  • Understanding the ESL's composition and properties is key to understanding vascular health.
  • Further research into the ESL may reveal new clinical applications for vascular diseases.