Rectal bleeding

Rectal bleeding, although common, is frequently alarming to patients because of its association with bowel cancer. An understanding of the causes of rectal bleeding and a systematic approach to diagnosis provides the basis for preventive measures and appropriate treatment.

This article discusses the causes, history, examination and investigation of rectal bleeding according to the age of the patient. Treatment of the various conditions is outlined.

Although haemorrhoids are the commonest cause of rectal bleeding, most patients over 40 years old presenting with this symptom require colonoscopy in order to screen for and treat premalignant polyps and colorectal cancer.