[Treatment of diffuse hyperthyroid goiter with radioiodine: influence of propylthiouracil pretreatment]

To stabilize Graves disease and deplete the preformed hormone, the use of antithyroid drugs prior 131I therapy has been suggested, specially in those patients with severe thyrotoxicosis and in the elderly. However, PTU may reduce the effectiveness of 131I.

To study the effects of PTU pretreatment before 131I administration. SUBJETS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of the medical records of patients with Graves disease treated with 131I from 1989 to 1997 was made. Of 244 patients with adequate follow-up for at least 12 months after 131I treatment, 142 had not been pretreated and 102 had received PTU prior to 131I therapy. Pretreated patients were distributed according to the number of days that PTU was discontinued before receiving 131I, forming four groups (a = 5 d, b = 6-14 d, c = 15-30 d and d = 31-60 d). Radioiodine was delivered according to our protocol of 120 microCi per gram of thyroid tissue, as estimated by clinical examination. Therapy was considered successful when laboratory evidence of euthyroidism or hypothyroidism after one year of treatment was obtained and as a failure when undetectable TSH values persisted after 12 months of treatment with 131I.

All groups were comparable as to age, gender, goiter size, and 24 h radioiodine uptake. Control of hyperthyroidism was achieved in 76% of the non pretreated group. A similar percentage was observed in groups (b), (c) and (d). However, the disease was controlled in only 50% of group (a) patients (p < 0.003).

The therapeutic efficacy of 131I is significantly reduced when the PTU is stopped for only a few days prior to the use of radioiodine. We postulate that PTU has to be discontinued for at least 10 days before radioiodine administration.