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Different physiological mechanisms control isovolumetric regulation and regulatory volume decrease in chick embryo

M M Souza1, R T Boyle, M Lieberman

  • 1Department of Cell Biology, Division of Physiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA. mmsouza@uel.br

Cell Biology International
|October 12, 2000
PubMed
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Cardiac cells regulate volume differently based on osmotic changes. Sudden changes trigger calcium-dependent taurine loss, while gradual changes activate a partial isovolumetric regulation involving potassium and chloride channels.

Area of Science:

  • Cellular physiology
  • Cardiovascular research
  • Renal cell biology

Background:

  • Cardiac myocytes exhibit regulatory volume decrease (RVD) in response to hyposmotic stress, involving calcium influx and taurine loss.
  • Kidney cells demonstrate isovolumetric regulation (IVR) to gradual osmotic changes, maintaining stable cell volume.
  • Understanding cellular volume regulation is crucial for comprehending physiological and pathophysiological responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanisms of isovolumetric regulation (IVR) in cultured cardiac myocytes under gradual osmotic changes.
  • To compare the cellular responses to gradual osmotic shifts with those observed during sudden hyposmotic stress.
  • To identify the ion channels and osmolytes involved in IVR of cardiac myocytes.

Main Methods:

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  • Exposure of cultured chick embryo cardiac myocytes to gradual hyposmotic solutions.
  • Measurement of cell volume changes and intracellular osmolyte content.
  • Utilisation of ion channel blockers (quinidine, Ba(2+), DPC) to assess pathway involvement.
  • Analysis of tritiated taurine and potassium (K+) loss.

Main Results:

  • Cardiac myocytes exhibited partial IVR, independent of extracellular calcium, when exposed to gradual osmotic changes.
  • Potassium and chloride channel blockers significantly impaired IVR.
  • Cells lost approximately 10% of their taurine and 35% of their total intracellular potassium during IVR.
  • These findings contrast with the Ca(2+)-dependent RVD and greater taurine loss seen with sudden osmotic challenges.

Conclusions:

  • Different cellular mechanisms mediate volume regulation in response to stepwise versus gradual osmotic challenges.
  • Gradual osmotic changes (IVR) in cardiac myocytes preferentially mobilize inorganic osmolytes through conductive pathways.
  • This suggests a more energy-conserving mechanism during less traumatic osmotic events, potentially relevant in physiological or pathophysiological contexts.