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Related Concept Videos

The Auditory Ossicles01:11

The Auditory Ossicles

The auditory ossicles of the middle ear transmit sounds from the air as vibrations to the fluid-filled cochlea. The auditory ossicles consist of two malleus (hammer) bones, two incus (anvil) bones, and two stapes (stirrups), one on each side. These bones develop during the fetal stage and are the ones to ossify first. They are fully mature at birth and do not grow afterward.
The aptly named stapes look very much like a stirrup. The three ossicles are unique to mammals, and each plays a role in...
Anatomy of the Ear01:16

Anatomy of the Ear

Auditory sensation, commonly called hearing, involves the transformation of sonic waves into neural impulses facilitated by the structures of the auditory organ. The prominent, flesh-like structure on the side of the head, called the auricle, directs sound waves towards the auditory canal. The auricle is often mislabeled as the pinna, a term more aligned with mobile structures like a feline's external ear. The auditory canal penetrates the cranium via the external auditory meatus of the...
Auditory Perception01:17

Auditory Perception

The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the cochlea, a...

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Related Experiment Video

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Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Published on: April 22, 2015

Auditory symmetry analysis.

P A Faure1, R R Hoy

  • 1Section of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Seeley G. Mudd Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853-2702, USA. paul4@u.washington.edu

The Journal of Experimental Biology
|October 12, 2000
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed new methods to measure auditory symmetry in hearing sciences. Most T-cells in katydids showed bilateral symmetry, but sound directionality affected auditory thresholds.

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Area of Science:

  • Auditory neuroscience
  • Bioacoustics
  • Sensory biology

Background:

  • Established quantitative methods for measuring auditory asymmetries and dissimilarities in threshold tuning curves (audiograms) are lacking in hearing sciences.
  • Biological symmetry is a key research area, but its application to auditory systems requires novel approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce quantitative methods for delineating auditory asymmetries and comparing neural or behavioral tuning curves.
  • To assess auditory symmetry in the prothoracic T-cell interneuron of the nocturnal katydid Neoconocephalus ensiger.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a paired design and methods from fluctuating asymmetry analysis.
  • Applied these methods to audiograms of katydid T-cells.
  • Investigated tuning curve similarity under different sound stimulation angles (0° vs. 90°).

Main Results:

  • 87-92% of T-cells exhibited threshold asymmetries within measurement error, indicating bilateral symmetry from 5 to 100 kHz.
  • T-cell tuning curves showed significant dissimilarities when comparing frontal (0°) versus lateral (90°) sound stimulation.
  • Auditory thresholds were significantly higher for frontal stimulation, especially at ultrasonic frequencies.

Conclusions:

  • The developed methods effectively detect auditory asymmetries and tuning curve dissimilarities.
  • Katydid T-cells demonstrate high bilateral symmetry, but directional sound presentation induces asymmetry.
  • The functional significance of auditory symmetry for sound localization in insects and vertebrates warrants further investigation.