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Related Experiment Videos

Viral entry into the nucleus.

G R Whittaker1, M Kann, A Helenius

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca New York, USA. grw7@cornell.edu

Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology
|October 14, 2000
PubMed
Summary
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Viruses use diverse strategies to enter host cell nuclei, involving importins and nuclear pore complexes. Their entry mechanisms, including capsid disassembly or intact passage, depend on viral structure and host cell cycle.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Viruses replicate within host cells, often requiring nuclear access for their genetic material.
  • Nuclear import is a critical step for many viruses, involving interaction with cellular transport machinery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the varied mechanisms viruses employ for nuclear entry.
  • To understand how viral structure and host cell factors influence nuclear transport.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of viral entry pathways.
  • Review of literature on viral nuclear import and capsid dynamics.

Main Results:

  • Viruses utilize importins (karyopherins) and nuclear pore complexes for nuclear transport.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Entry strategies differ: some viruses disassemble before import (influenza, adenovirus), others import genomes intact (herpesviruses, polyomaviruses, parvoviruses, lentiviruses).
  • Oncoretroviruses require mitosis for nuclear entry due to inability to infect interphase nuclei.

    • Conclusions:

    • Viral nuclear entry is a complex process with diverse strategies tailored to viral structure and host cell conditions.
    • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing antiviral therapies targeting viral transport.