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Feline infectious peritonitis
1Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA.
Abstract:
Feline infectious peritonitis is a noncurable viral disease affecting cats worldwide. Recent evidence suggests that the FIPV has evolved as a deletion mutation of FECV. Immune complex deposition and vasculitis with pyogranulomatous lesions are the hallmark of FIP. The only definitive antemortem diagnostic test for FIP is histopathologic examination of tissue. Ocular manifestations occur commonly with noneffusive FIP. The most common clinical sign is a bilateral granulomatous anterior uveitis often accompanied by chorioretinitis. Treatment of ocular FIP is symptomatic, and the mainstay of palliative therapy is topical or systemic corticosteroids or both.
Insights
Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a severe viral disease in cats. Ocular signs like uveitis are common in noneffusive FIP, with corticosteroids offering palliative care.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Medicine
- Virology
- Immunology
Background:
- Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a global, incurable viral disease in cats.
- Feline coronavirus (FECV) is implicated as the precursor to Feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) through deletion mutation.
- Immune complex deposition, vasculitis, and pyogranulomatous lesions characterize FIP pathology.
Purpose of the Study:
- To detail the common ocular manifestations of noneffusive FIP.
- To describe the diagnostic approaches for FIP, particularly antemortem.
- To outline current palliative treatment strategies for ocular FIP.
Main Methods:
- Histopathologic examination of tissue is the definitive antemortem diagnostic method for FIP.
- Clinical signs, especially ocular manifestations, are key indicators.
- Symptomatic treatment, including corticosteroids, is employed for ocular FIP.
Main Results:
- Ocular manifestations are frequent in noneffusive FIP cases.
- Bilateral granulomatous anterior uveitis and chorioretinitis are the most common clinical signs.
- Histopathology remains the gold standard for definitive FIP diagnosis before death.
Conclusions:
- FIP presents with characteristic pathological findings and significant ocular involvement.
- Early and definitive diagnosis relies on histopathology.
- Current treatments for ocular FIP are palliative, focusing on symptom management with corticosteroids.