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[20 years without smallpox].

Z Jezek1

  • 1zdenek.jezek@post.cz

Epidemiologie, Mikrobiologie, Imunologie : Casopis Spolecnosti Pro Epidemiologii a Mikrobiologii Ceske Lekarske Spolecnosti J.E. Purkyne
|October 21, 2000
PubMed
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Smallpox eradication was a major global health achievement by the World Health Organization (WHO). Despite the virus

Area of Science:

  • Global Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Infectious Disease Control

Context:

  • The 33rd World Health Assembly declared smallpox eradication achieved 20 years ago.
  • Smallpox historically caused over 10 million infections and 2 million deaths annually.
  • Eradication efforts intensified in 1967, targeting 31 endemic countries.

Purpose:

  • To summarize the historical achievement of global smallpox eradication.
  • To detail the World Health Organization's (WHO) role and strategies in smallpox eradication.
  • To discuss the ongoing debate and decisions regarding the final destruction of the variola virus.

Summary:

  • The World Health Organization (WHO) led a successful global smallpox eradication campaign, culminating in the 1980 declaration.

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  • Eradication involved international collaboration, resource mobilization, and consistent application of methods across diverse nations.
  • The last endemic case was recorded in Somalia in 1977, marking a significant public health victory.

    • Impact:

    • Saved an estimated 1-2 billion US dollars annually, redirecting resources to other health projects.
    • Terminated immense human suffering caused by smallpox.
    • Led to discussions on the final destruction of the variola virus, balancing research needs with biosecurity concerns.