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Leukocyte-depleted continuous blood cardioplegia for coronary artery bypass grafting
N Murai1, T Imazeki, S Shioguchi
1Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Dokkyo University Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan.
Insights
Leukocyte-depleted blood cardioplegia may reduce myocardial reperfusion injury during cardiac surgery. This approach showed lower cardiac enzyme levels post-surgery, indicating improved heart protection in coronary artery bypass grafting patients.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Surgery
- Immunology
- Biomedical Engineering
Background:
- Blood cardioplegia is common in cardiac surgery but may cause reperfusion injury due to activated neutrophils.
- Leukocyte filtration aims to mitigate this inflammatory response.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess myocardial protection using leukocyte-depleted blood cardioplegic solution during coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).
Main Methods:
- Patients undergoing CABG with continuous blood cardioplegia were divided into leukocyte-depleted (LD) and control groups.
- Leukocyte filtration rates were measured.
- Cardiac enzymes (CK-MB, troponin T) and cytokines (IL-6, IL-8) were measured post-surgery.
- Postoperative inotropic support and hemodynamics were assessed.
Main Results:
- Leukocyte removal was high during antegrade infusion (85.8%) but lower during terminal warm cardioplegia (39.9%).
- LD group showed significantly lower CK-MB and troponin T immediately after aortic cross-clamp release.
- No significant differences in IL-6, IL-8, inotropic support, or hemodynamics were observed between groups.
Conclusions:
- Leukocyte-depleted blood cardioplegic solution may attenuate myocardial reperfusion injury in CABG patients.
- Further research may explore optimizing leukocyte removal during all phases of cardioplegia infusion.
Abstract:
Many cardiac surgeries are performed with blood cardioplegia. However, some studies suggest that activated neutrophils form blood cardioplegia can cause reperfusion injury. In this study we assessed myocardial protection using a leukocyte-depleted cardioplegic solution. Patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with continuous blood cardioplegia were divided into two groups: the LD group, which received leukocyte-depleted blood cardioplegia (n = 11); and the control group, which received nonfiltered blood cardioplegia (n = 11). IL-6, IL-8, CK-MB, and troponin T were measured in the coronary sinus blood immediately after the release of the aortic cross-clamp. Cytokine concentrations were also measured upon the patient's return to the ICU. The total dopamine and dobutamine doses, hemodynamic measurements after surgery, and the leukocyte filtration rate were also measured. During antegrade cardioplegia infusion, leukocytes were almost completely removed (filtration rate: 85.8+/-4.0%). However, during terminal warm cardioplegia, leukocyte removal decreased (filtration rate: 39.9+/-7.8%). Immediately after the release of the aortic cross-clamp, plasma CK-MB and troponin T concentrations were significantly lower in the LD group (17.7+/-1.9 U/l and 0.017+/-0.002 ng/ml, respectively) than in the control group (30.3+/-3.6 U/l and 0.072+/-0.029 ng/ml, respectively). The IL-6 and IL-8 concentrations were similar in the LD group and the control group. After the return to the ICU, the CK-MB and troponin T concentrations were similar in the two groups. No significant differences were found in the total doses of dopamine or dobutamine after surgery in the two groups (99+/-77 vs 101+/-128 microg/kg/min). No significant differences were found in the hemodynamic parameters after surgery in the two groups. In patients undergoing CABG with continuous blood cardioplegia, leukocyte-depleted blood cardioplegic solution may attenuate reperfusion injury.