Pulmonary effects induced by ultrafine PTFE particles.

C J Johnston¹, J N Finkelstein, P Mercer

¹Departments of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, USA.

|October 24, 2000

Summary

Inhaling polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) fumes causes acute lung injury, with ultrafine particles being the primary toxic agent. Pre-exposure to these ultrafine PTFE particles can induce tolerance, preventing severe lung damage.

Area of Science:

Environmental Health
Toxicology
Materials Science

Background:

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) fumes contain ultrafine (uf) particles and gas-phase compounds.
These fumes can cause severe acute lung injury.

Purpose of the Study:

To test if uf PTFE fume particles cause acute lung injury.
To compare the pulmonary effects of uf PTFE particles versus larger PTFE particles.
To determine if preexposure to uf PTFE fume particles induces tolerance.

Main Methods:

Generated uf PTFE fumes by heating PTFE to 486°C.
Exposed rats to 50 µg/m³ of uf PTFE fumes for 15 minutes.
Investigated toxicity of particles alone, gas-phase constituents alone, and combined phases in air and argon.
Assessed toxicity after aging fumes for 3.5 minutes.
Evaluated tolerance induction through prior short exposures.

Main Results:

Inhalation of uf PTFE fumes for 15 minutes was extremely toxic to rats.
Toxicity required both uf PTFE particles and gas-phase compounds generated in air.
Aging fumes to >100 nm particles eliminated toxicity.
Preexposure (adaptation) prevented acute lung injury from subsequent exposure.
Antioxidant and chemokine responses differed between adapted and nonadapted animals.

Conclusions:

Ultrafine PTFE particles, in combination with gas-phase compounds, are causally involved in acute lung injury.
Ultrafine PTFE particles are more toxic than larger accumulation mode particles.
Preexposure history significantly influences susceptibility to ultrafine particle toxicity, suggesting a tolerance mechanism.

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Background:

Purpose of the Study:

Main Methods:

Main Results:

Conclusions:

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