Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Ratio Level of Measurement

Ratio Level of Measurement

The way a set of data is measured is called its level of measurement. Correct statistical procedures depend on a researcher being familiar with levels of measurement. For analysis, data are classified into four levels of measurement—nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio.
A set of data measured using the ratio scale takes care of the ratio problem and provides complete information. Ratio scale data are like interval scale data, except they have a zero point and ratios can be calculated. For...

Angular Velocity and Acceleration

Angular Velocity and Acceleration

We previously discussed angular velocity for uniform circular motion, however not all motion is uniform. Envision an ice skater spinning with their arms outstretched; when they pull their arms inward, their angular velocity increases. Additionally, think about a computer's hard disk slowing to a halt as the angular velocity decreases. The faster the change in angular velocity, the greater the angular acceleration. The instantaneous angular acceleration is defined as the derivative of angular...

Relating Angular And Linear Quantities - I

Relating Angular And Linear Quantities - I

If the rotational definitions are compared with the definitions of linear kinematic variables from motion along a straight line and motion in two and three dimensions, we can observe a mapping of the linear variables to the rotational ones.
When comparing the linear and rotational variables individually, the linear variable of position has physical units of meters, whereas the angular position variable has dimensionless units of radians, as it is the ratio of two lengths. The linear velocity...

Relating Angular And Linear Quantities - II

Relating Angular And Linear Quantities - II

In the case of circular motion, the linear tangential speed of a particle at a radius from the axis of rotation is related to the angular velocity by the relation:

Transformers with Off-Nominal Turns Ratios

Transformers with Off-Nominal Turns Ratios

In scenarios involving parallel transformers with disparate ratings, developing per-unit models requires accommodating off-nominal turns ratios. This situation arises when the selected base voltages are not proportional to the transformer’s voltage ratings. Consider a transformer where the rated voltages are related by the term a. If the chosen voltage bases satisfy a relationship involving term b, term c is defined as the ratio of these bases. This ratio is then substituted into the rated...

Radian and Degree Measure

Radian and Degree Measure

Angular motion is measured using two primary units: degrees and radians. These units describe the extent of rotation around a fixed point. A complete rotation corresponds to 360 degrees or 2π radians, depending on the unit used. Although both represent the same angular displacement, they differ in origin and application.Degrees divide a circle into 360 equal segments. Due to its intuitive structure, this unit is historically rooted and widely used in general applications such as navigation,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

The clinical and economic costs associated with regional disparities in varicella vaccine coverage in Italy over 50 years (2020-2070).

Scientific reports·2024

Same author

Validation of a molecular diagnostic assay for CALR exon 9 indels in myeloproliferative neoplasms: identification of coexisting JAK2 and CALR mutations and a novel 9 bp deletion in CALR.

International journal of laboratory hematology·2016

Same author

Loss of signalling via Gα13 in germinal centre B-cell-derived lymphoma.

Nature·2014

Same author

Cardiovascular manifestations in Marfan syndrome and related diseases; multiple genes causing similar phenotypes.

Clinical genetics·2014

Same author

Multiple repeat caesarean section in the UK: incidence and consequences to mother and child. A national, prospective cohort study--authors' reply.

BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology·2013

Same author

Multiple repeat caesarean section in the UK: incidence and consequences to mother and child.

BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology·2013

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Evaluating Usability Aspects of a Mixed Reality Solution for Immersive Analytics in Industry 4.0 Scenarios

Evaluating Usability Aspects of a Mixed Reality Solution for Immersive Analytics in Industry 4.0 Scenarios

Published on: October 6, 2020

Use of an angular transformation for ratio estimation in cost-effectiveness analysis.

J R Cook¹, J F Heyse

¹Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA.

Statistics in Medicine

|October 24, 2000

Summary

This study reviews statistical methods for estimating confidence intervals for cost-effectiveness ratios (CE ratios). An angular transformation improves variance stabilization and interpretation of CE ratio results.

More Related Videos

A Psychophysics Paradigm for the Collection and Analysis of Similarity Judgments

A Psychophysics Paradigm for the Collection and Analysis of Similarity Judgments

Published on: March 1, 2022

Three-Dimensional Mapping of the Rotation of Interactive Virtual Objects with Eye-Tracking Data

Three-Dimensional Mapping of the Rotation of Interactive Virtual Objects with Eye-Tracking Data

Published on: October 18, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Evaluating Usability Aspects of a Mixed Reality Solution for Immersive Analytics in Industry 4.0 Scenarios

Evaluating Usability Aspects of a Mixed Reality Solution for Immersive Analytics in Industry 4.0 Scenarios

Published on: October 6, 2020

A Psychophysics Paradigm for the Collection and Analysis of Similarity Judgments

A Psychophysics Paradigm for the Collection and Analysis of Similarity Judgments

Published on: March 1, 2022

Three-Dimensional Mapping of the Rotation of Interactive Virtual Objects with Eye-Tracking Data

Three-Dimensional Mapping of the Rotation of Interactive Virtual Objects with Eye-Tracking Data

Published on: October 18, 2024

Area of Science:

Health Economics
Biostatistics
Medical Decision Making

Background:

Economic evaluations are crucial for medical technologies, assessing costs versus clinical benefits.
Cost-effectiveness (CE) analysis quantifies the trade-off using the CE ratio: net incremental cost per unit of benefit.
Accurate statistical methods are needed for reliable confidence intervals of CE ratios.

Purpose of the Study:

To review and compare statistical methods for estimating 95% confidence intervals for cost-effectiveness ratios.
To introduce an angular transformation method for stabilizing CE ratio variance and improving interpretation.
To evaluate these methods using real-world clinical data.

Main Methods:

Review of existing statistical techniques for CE ratio confidence interval estimation.
Application of an angular transformation to standardize the CE ratio, stabilizing its variance.
Utilizing bootstrap and jack-knife resampling methods for confidence interval calculation in the transformed scale.
Comparison of methods using data from a long-term congestive heart failure mortality study.

Main Results:

An angular transformation of the standardized CE ratio stabilizes variance, enhancing interpretability.
Bootstrap and jack-knife methods provide reliable estimates for 95% confidence intervals on the transformed scale.
The proposed methods offer a clearer interpretation of study results compared to traditional approaches.

Conclusions:

The angular transformation method, combined with bootstrap or jack-knife techniques, provides a robust approach for estimating confidence intervals of cost-effectiveness ratios.
This statistical advancement aids in more accurate economic evaluations of medical technologies.
Improved confidence interval estimation supports better decision-making in healthcare resource allocation.