Reaction rate modeling in cryoconcentrated solutions: alkaline phosphatase catalyzed DNPP hydrolysis

The hydrolysis of disodium p-nitrophenyl phosphate catalyzed by alkaline phosphatase was chosen as a model to study the kinetics of changes in frozen food products. The initial reaction rate was determined in concentrated sucrose solutions down to -24 degrees C, and the enzymatic characteristics K(M) and V(max) were calculated. The experimental data were compared to the kinetics predicted by assuming that the reaction was viscosity dependent. Indeed, an analysis of the enzymatic reaction demonstrated that both the diffusion of the substrate and the flexibility of the enzyme segments were controlled by the high viscosity of the media. When the temperature was too low for the viscosity to be measured simply, the Williams-Landel-Ferry equation was used to predict the viscosity, taking, as reference temperature, the glass transition temperature (T(g)) corresponding to the concentration of the freeze-concentrated phase at the test temperature. Predicted values of the reaction rate were very close to the experimental ones in the studied temperature range.