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Related Experiment Videos

Triple vortex ring structure in superfluid helium II.

D Kivotides1, C F Barenghi, D C Samuels

  • 1Mathematics Department, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|October 29, 2000
PubMed
Summary
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Helium II vortex rings are not just superfluid objects. Calculations reveal they are coherent structures comprising a superfluid vortex ring and two coaxial normal-fluid vortex rings of opposite polarity.

Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Low-temperature physics
  • Quantum fluids

Background:

  • Superfluids, like helium II, exhibit complex behavior due to their two-component nature: a normal fluid and a superfluid.
  • Previous models of helium II vortex rings primarily focused on the superfluid component, overlooking the dynamics of the normal fluid.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the coupled motion of normal-fluid and superfluid components in helium II vortex rings.
  • To elucidate the complete structure and dynamics of helium II vortex rings.

Main Methods:

  • Three-dimensional numerical calculations were employed.
  • The study modeled the interpenetrating motion of both the normal-fluid and superfluid components.

Main Results:

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  • The helium II vortex ring is shown to consist of a central superfluid vortex ring.
  • Two coaxial normal-fluid vortex rings, with opposite polarity to the superfluid ring, accompany the superfluid component.
  • These three vortex rings form a single, coherent, and dissipative structure.

Conclusions:

  • The traditional view of helium II vortex rings as purely superfluid is incomplete.
  • The coupled dynamics of normal and superfluid components are crucial for understanding vortex ring behavior in helium II.
  • Helium II vortex rings represent complex, multi-component dissipative structures.