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Superfluid Boundary Layer.

G W Stagg1, N G Parker1, C F Barenghi1

  • 1Joint Quantum Centre (JQC) Durham-Newcastle, School of Mathematics and Statistics, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom.

Physical Review Letters
|April 15, 2017
PubMed
Summary
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Surface roughness in superfluid helium induces turbulence by creating vortices. This study reveals how sharp surface features generate and sustain a turbulent layer, challenging conventional boundary layer theories.

Area of Science:

  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Quantum Fluids
  • Surface Science

Background:

  • Superfluid helium exhibits unique flow properties distinct from classical fluids.
  • Understanding boundary effects is crucial for controlling superfluid behavior.
  • Turbulence generation in superfluids is an active area of research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To model superfluid helium flow over a rough surface.
  • To investigate the mechanisms of vortex nucleation and turbulence generation.
  • To characterize the resulting turbulent layer and its velocity profile.

Main Methods:

  • Numerical simulations using the Gross-Pitaevskii equation.
  • Modeling atomic force microscopy-profiled wire surfaces.
  • Analysis of vortex dynamics, interactions, and shedding.

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Main Results:

  • Sharp surface features were found to induce vortex nucleation intrinsically and extrinsically.
  • Vortex interactions and reconnections formed a dense turbulent layer.
  • A nonclassical average velocity profile was observed within the turbulent layer.
  • The turbulent layer continuously shed small vortex rings into the bulk flow.

Conclusions:

  • Surface roughness plays a critical role in generating superfluid turbulence.
  • The observed phenomena offer new insights into the nature of superflows beyond classical boundary layer concepts.
  • This work provides a foundation for further experimental and theoretical studies of superfluid-vortex interactions.