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Lung growth and alveolar multiplication.

W M Thurlbeck

    Pathobiology Annual
    |January 1, 1975
    PubMed
    Summary

    Lung growth involves alveolar multiplication, with species-specific timing and mechanisms. Factors like pneumonectomy and high altitude influence lung development and alveolar count.

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    Area of Science:

    • Pulmonary biology
    • Developmental biology
    • Comparative anatomy

    Background:

    • Lung development involves significant tissue addition, primarily through alveolar multiplication.
    • Species-specific differences exist in alveolar development, with humans potentially having alveoli at birth, unlike rodents.
    • The precise mechanisms and relative importance of different alveolar growth modes remain unclear.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To explore the process of alveolar multiplication during lung growth.
    • To investigate factors influencing alveolar development, including species differences and external stimuli.
    • To understand the impact of conditions like pneumonectomy and high altitude on lung structure.

    Main Methods:

    • Comparative analysis of lung development across species (rodents vs. humans).
    • Observation of lung growth phases: dilatation, proliferation, and remodeling.
    • Examination of lung response to experimental interventions (pneumonectomy) and environmental factors (high altitude).

    Main Results:

    • Alveolar multiplication is the primary driver of lung tissue increase.
    • Rodents exhibit distinct lung growth phases, including a post-natal proliferation phase.
    • Human alveolar multiplication is rapid in early childhood, potentially continuing until somatic growth cessation.
    • Pneumonectomy leads to compensatory lung enlargement via hyperplasia, not alveolar multiplication.
    • Intrathoracic volume reduction can result in fewer alveoli, while high altitude increases lung size and potentially alveolar number.

    Conclusions:

    • Alveolar multiplication is a key, yet incompletely understood, process in lung development.
    • Lung development is influenced by intrinsic growth patterns and extrinsic factors.
    • Further research is needed to elucidate the exact mechanisms of alveolarization and its regulation.

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