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Ancient and modern retroviruses.

R A Weiss1

  • 1Windeyer Institute of Medical Sciences, University College London, UK.

Acta Microbiologica Et Immunologica Hungarica
|November 1, 2000
PubMed
Summary

Retroviruses transmit via infectious particles or integrated DNA. New research details porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs) infectious to humans and human retrovirus 5 (HRV-5) linked to autoimmune diseases.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Genetics
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Retroviruses transmit as infectious particles or endogenous proviral DNA.
  • Human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV-1, HIV-2) are recent zoonoses from simians.
  • Human endogenous retroviral genomes evolved with primates; human T-cell leukemia viruses (HTLV-1, II) have ancient human origins.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize newly identified retroviruses in pigs and humans.
  • To assess the risk of porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs) in xenotransplantation.
  • To investigate the association of human retrovirus 5 (HRV-5) with specific diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Genomic characterization of novel retroviruses.
  • In vitro studies on PERV infectivity for human cells.
  • Clinical association studies for HRV-5.

Main Results:

  • Porcine endogenous retroviral (PERV) genomes are integrated in pig DNA and can produce virions infectious to human cells.
  • Human retrovirus 5 (HRV-5) is detected as an exogenous genome.
  • HRV-5 detection is associated with arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus.

Conclusions:

  • PERVs pose a potential risk for human xenotransplantation.
  • HRV-5 may play a role in the pathogenesis of certain autoimmune diseases.
  • Understanding retroviral transmission and evolution is crucial for public health and medical applications.

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