Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Sulfonation of Benzene01:22

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Sulfonation of Benzene

6.6K
Sulfonation of benzene is a reaction wherein benzene is treated with fuming sulfuric acid at room temperature to produce benzenesulfonic acid. Fuming sulfuric acid is a mixture of sulfur trioxide and concentrated sulfuric acid.
6.6K
Mass Spectrum: Interpretation01:24

Mass Spectrum: Interpretation

1.6K
An unknown compound can be established by identifying the molecular ion peak in the mass spectrum. The molecular ion peak is often weak or absent due to the predominance of fragmentation in high-energy electron beams. In such cases, a low-energy electron beam can be used to scan the spectrum to enhance the intensity of the molecular ion peak. Additionally, chemical ionization, field ionization, and desorption ionization spectra are used to obtain a relatively intense molecular ion peak.
To...
1.6K
Mass Spectrometry: Aromatic Compound Fragmentation01:23

Mass Spectrometry: Aromatic Compound Fragmentation

1.9K
Upon ionization, aromatic compounds generate a molecular ion that is observed as a prominent peak in their mass spectra. For example, the molecular ion peak for benzene appears at a mass-to-charge ratio of 78, while toluene is observed at a mass-to-charge ratio of 92. The molecular ion benzene is highly stable and does not readily undergo further fragmentation due to the significant amount of energy required to disrupt the aromatic stability of the benzene ring. In contrast, the molecular ion...
1.9K
¹H NMR: Complex Splitting01:13

¹H NMR: Complex Splitting

1.4K
A proton M that is coupled to a proton X results in doublet signals for M. However, NMR-active nuclei can be simultaneously coupled to more than one nonequivalent nucleus. When M is coupled to a second proton A, such as in styrene oxide, each peak in the doublet is split into another doublet.
Splitting diagrams or splitting tree diagrams are routinely used to depict such complex couplings. While drawing splitting diagrams, the splitting with the larger coupling constant is usually applied...
1.4K
Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides02:26

Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides

5.2K
Sulfides are the sulfur analog of ethers, just as thiols are the sulfur analog of alcohol. Like ethers, sulfides also consist of two hydrocarbon groups bonded to the central sulfur atom. Depending upon the type of groups present, sulfides can be symmetrical or asymmetrical. Symmetrical sulfides can be prepared via an SN2 reaction between 2 equivalents of an alkyl halide and one equivalent of sodium sulfide.
5.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Results of an Interlaboratory Study on the Working Curve in Vat Photopolymerization II: Towards a Standardized Method.

Additive manufacturing·2026
Same author

Characterization of Cross-Linked Elastomer Networks by Thermal Desorption/Pyrolysis Direct Analysis in Real-Time Mass Spectrometry (TDPy-DART-MS).

Analytical chemistry·2025
Same author

Structural and Quantitative Analysis of Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) and Para-Phenylenediamines (PPDs) by Direct Analysis in Real Time Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry (DART-IM-MS).

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)·2025
Same author

Inspired by Chemistry Through Research, Teaching, and Life.

Mass spectrometry reviews·2025
Same author

Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(ethylene furanoate)/Poly(ε-caprolactone) Block Copolymers.

Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry·2025
Same author

Tandem Mass Spectrometry Reflects Architectural Differences in Analogous, Bis-MPA-Based Linear Polymers, Hyperbranched Polymers, and Dendrimers.

Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 22, 2025

Characterization of Synthetic Polymers via Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry
06:56

Characterization of Synthetic Polymers via Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry

Published on: June 10, 2018

25.6K

Sulfonation Distribution in Sulfonated Polystyrene Ionomers Measured by MALDI-ToF MS.

Longhe Zhang1, Bryan C Katzenmeyer2, Kevin A Cavicchi2

  • 1Departments of Polymer Engineering and §Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States.

ACS Macro Letters
|May 18, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-ToF MS) accurately quantified sulfonation in polystyrene ionomers. The study confirmed a random sulfonate distribution, validating the homogeneous solution sulfonation method for materials science applications.

More Related Videos

Using a Cyclic Ion Mobility Spectrometer for Tandem Ion Mobility Experiments
08:40

Using a Cyclic Ion Mobility Spectrometer for Tandem Ion Mobility Experiments

Published on: January 20, 2022

4.4K
Functionalization of Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes with Thermo-reversible Block Copolymers and Characterization by Small-angle Neutron Scattering
09:12

Functionalization of Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes with Thermo-reversible Block Copolymers and Characterization by Small-angle Neutron Scattering

Published on: June 1, 2016

9.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 22, 2025

Characterization of Synthetic Polymers via Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry
06:56

Characterization of Synthetic Polymers via Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry

Published on: June 10, 2018

25.6K
Using a Cyclic Ion Mobility Spectrometer for Tandem Ion Mobility Experiments
08:40

Using a Cyclic Ion Mobility Spectrometer for Tandem Ion Mobility Experiments

Published on: January 20, 2022

4.4K
Functionalization of Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes with Thermo-reversible Block Copolymers and Characterization by Small-angle Neutron Scattering
09:12

Functionalization of Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes with Thermo-reversible Block Copolymers and Characterization by Small-angle Neutron Scattering

Published on: June 1, 2016

9.3K

Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Sulfonated polystyrene ionomers are crucial in various applications.
  • Understanding sulfonation level and distribution is key to controlling material properties.
  • Homogeneous solution sulfonation is a common preparation method.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the sulfonation level and distribution in sulfonated polystyrene ionomers.
  • To validate the accuracy of MALDI-ToF MS for analyzing sulfonated polymers.
  • To compare experimental sulfonation distribution with theoretical models.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation of sulfonated polystyrene ionomers via homogeneous solution sulfonation.
  • Quantification of sulfonation level and distribution using MALDI-ToF MS.
  • Comparison of MALDI-ToF MS results with acid-base titration and theoretical random distributions.

Main Results:

  • MALDI-ToF MS effectively quantified sulfonation levels and distribution.
  • Sulfonation levels determined by MALDI-ToF MS agreed with acid-base titration.
  • The determined sulfonate distributions closely matched theoretical random distributions.

Conclusions:

  • MALDI-ToF MS is a reliable technique for characterizing sulfonated polystyrene ionomers.
  • The homogeneous solution sulfonation method yields polymers with a random sulfonate distribution.
  • This study validates the sulfonation reaction for producing well-defined ionomers.