[Factors participating in regulation of protein biosynthesis]

Studies in the processes of protein biosynthesis regulation revealed a close dependence of the biosynthetic processes (synthesis of many precursors of proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, carbohydrates as well as of tricarboxylic cycle acids) on the processes of carboxylation in the organism. A possibility is shown of the biosynthetic processes stimulation by activating the carboxylation processes. On this bases a highly effective method to increase productivity of farm animals and poultry and that for considerable acceleration of the regeneration processes of the damaged tissues and blood with blood less were developed. It is also established that at extremal states of the organism (long complete fasting, late stages of cancer, thyreoid toxicosis, experimental atherosclerosis, etc.) in tissues there occurs biosynthesis of proteins with differing primary structure, physiochemical properties and enzymatic activity as compared to proteins of the normal animals. The same changes in the primary structure and properties of proteins in the process of their biosynthesis are observed with the surplus feeding the animals on certain amino acids aginst a background of protein free ration. Possible mechanisms of changes in the primary structure of proteins in the process of their biosynthesis at extremal states of the organism are under discussion. In experiments in vitro on the tissue preparations, on the cell-free protein-synthetizing systems as well as in experiments with animals in vivo the presence of synergic and antagonistic interrelation was established between certain amino acids in the process of their utilization for protein biosynthesis. These interrelations are established to take place at the stage of transfer ribonucleic acids aminoacylation. Some details of this phenomenon are found out. Amino acids are shown to play not only a substrate role but also the regulatory one in the process of protein biosynthesis.