Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
Published on: July 19, 2019
VLA-4/CD49d downregulated on primed T lymphocytes during interferon-beta therapy in multiple sclerosis
P A Muraro1, T Leist, B Bielekova
1Neuroimmunology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive MSC1400, 20892-1400, Bethesda, MD, USA. pmuraro@umich.it
Abstract:
Effects on adhesion molecules of immune cells might contribute to the mode of action of interferon-beta (IFN-beta) in multiple sclerosis (MS). We have serially monitored the cell surface expression of integrins CD49d (VLA-4) and CD11a (LFA-1) on fresh T lymphocyte subpopulations from 5 MS patients monthly for 2 months prior to treatment and for 3 months on treatment with IFN-beta1b. In parallel, we assessed inflammatory disease activity by monthly contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). IFN-beta treatment specifically downregulated CD49d expression on CD8+ and CD4+/CD45RO+ 'memory' T lymphocytes and differentially modulated the proportion of CD4+, CD8+ and CD27+ T cells. These effects may play an important role in the reduction of central nervous system cell trafficking and inflammation in MS.
Related Concept Videos
Receptor Downregulation in MVBs
The EGFR can initiate signaling pathways that lead to cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Overexpression of EGFR stimulates cells to proliferate. Excessive EGFR...
Multiple Allele Traits
Gene Therapy
Group Therapy
Multiple Regression
Farmers can use multiple regression to determine the crop yield based on more than one factor, such as water availability, fertilizer, soil properties, etc. Here, the crop yield is the response or dependent variable as it depends on the other independent variables. The analysis requires the construction of a scatter plot...
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors

