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Related Concept Videos

Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes00:58

Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes

Eukaryotes have large genomes compared to prokaryotes. To fit their genomes into a cell, eukaryotic DNA is packaged extraordinarily tightly inside the nucleus. To achieve this, DNA is tightly wound around proteins called histones, which are packaged into nucleosomes that are joined by linker DNA and coil into chromatin fibers. Additional fibrous proteins further compact the chromatin, which is recognizable as chromosomes during certain phases of cell division.
Genomics02:02

Genomics

Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

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Genome Annotation and Assembly03:36

Genome Annotation and Assembly

The genome refers to all of the genetic material in an organism. It can range from a few million base pairs in microbial cells to several billion base pairs in many eukaryotic organisms. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking the DNA sequencing data and putting it all back together in a correct order to create a close representation of the original genome. This is followed by the identification of functional elements on the newly assembled genome, a process called genome annotation.
Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing01:05

Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing

In the same year as the discovery of the Sanger sequencing method, another group of scientists, Allan Maxam and Walter Gilbert, demonstrated their chemical-cleavage method for DNA sequencing. The Maxam-Gilbert method relies on using different chemicals that can cleave the DNA sequence at specific sites, the separation of resulting DNA fragments of variable size using electrophoresis, and deciphering the DNA sequence from the resulting gel bands.
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Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS

Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Hi-C: A Method to Study the Three-dimensional Architecture of Genomes.
22:27

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Published on: May 7, 2010

Making High-level Queries on Diverse Genome Data: A Structured Genome Document Database System Based on GXML and GQL.

Stokes, Matsuda, Hashimoto

    Genome Informatics. Workshop on Genome Informatics
    |November 10, 2000
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Researchers developed a novel genome database system using XML to manage diverse DNA sequence data. This system facilitates the analysis of gene networks and functional relationships, improving genome understanding.

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    Area of Science:

    • Bioinformatics
    • Genomics
    • Database Systems

    Background:

    • Vast amounts of complete DNA sequences (genomes) are rapidly becoming available globally.
    • Molecular biologists aim to understand genomes and predict gene networks through computational analysis.
    • Existing database systems struggle with data diversity, heterogeneity, and analyzing functional relationships.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose a new genome database system to address challenges in managing and analyzing diverse genomic data.
    • To effectively represent genomes and associated data using a structured document language.
    • To enable the analysis of functional relationships within genomic data.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing a structured document language based on XML to represent genomes as 'documents'.
    • Implementing a powerful query language to expose biological relationships among genome data.
    • Conducting experiments to demonstrate the system's effectiveness.

    Main Results:

    • The XML-based genome documents effectively handle data diversity and heterogeneity.
    • The query language successfully reveals important biological relationships.
    • Experimental results show the system's utility in building a top-down view of genome functionality.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed genome database system offers a viable solution for managing and analyzing large-scale genomic data.
    • This approach enhances the ability to understand genome functionality by exposing complex relationships.
    • The system demonstrates significant potential for advancing genomic research and discovery.