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Related Concept Videos

Long-term Depression

Long-term Depression

Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.

Long-term Depression

Long-term Depression

Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Calcium Ion Concentration Mechanism
If over time, all...

Mania and Antimanic Drugs: Overview

Mania and Antimanic Drugs: Overview

Mania, a psychological condition characterized by elevated mood, increased energy, and reduced sleep need, is part of the bipolar disorder cycle. The exact cause of mania isn't entirely known, but it is thought to be a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurological factors. Bipolar disorder involves alternating manic and depressive episodes. Mood stabilizers like lithium, antipsychotics, and anticonvulsants help manage these episodes. Lithium carbonate is particularly effective as a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

The Use of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy as a Tool for the Measurement of Bi-hemispheric Transcranial Electric Stimulation Effects on Primary Motor Cortex Metabolism

The Use of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy as a Tool for the Measurement of Bi-hemispheric Transcranial Electric Stimulation Effects on Primary Motor Cortex Metabolism

Published on: November 19, 2014

Lithium-induced increase in human brain grey matter.

G J Moore, J M Bebchuk, I B Wilds

Lancet (London, England)

|November 10, 2000

Summary

Chronic lithium use in bipolar disorder patients increased grey matter volume, likely due to neurotrophic effects. This finding suggests lithium

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Psychiatry
Neuroimaging

Background:

Lithium is a mood stabilizer for bipolar disorder.
Rodent studies suggest lithium has neurotrophic and neuroprotective properties.
The effects of lithium on human brain structure are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of chronic lithium treatment on grey matter volume in bipolar disorder patients.
To explore potential neurotrophic mechanisms underlying lithium's effects on brain structure.

Main Methods:

Utilized three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (3D MRI).
Employed brain segmentation techniques to quantify grey matter volume.
Studied patients with bipolar mood disorder undergoing chronic lithium treatment.

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Last Updated: Jul 13, 2026

The Use of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy as a Tool for the Measurement of Bi-hemispheric Transcranial Electric Stimulation Effects on Primary Motor Cortex Metabolism

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Brain Morphology of Cannabis Users With or Without Psychosis: A Pilot MRI Study

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Main Results:

Significant increases in grey matter volume were observed after 4 weeks of lithium treatment.
The observed volumetric changes suggest structural brain adaptations.

Conclusions:

Chronic lithium use is associated with increased grey matter volume in bipolar disorder patients.
Neurotrophic effects are a likely mechanism driving these structural changes.
Findings support lithium's potential role in neuroprotection and brain plasticity.