Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 14, 2026
Porcine As a Training Module for Head and Neck Microvascular Reconstruction
Published on: September 29, 2018
The forehead flap for nasal reconstruction
C M Boyd1, S R Baker, D J Fader
1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Michigan, 1904 Taubman Center, Box 0312, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0312, USA. cmboydmd@umich.edu
Context:
Reconstruction of extensive nasal defects often represents a significant challenge owing to several unique qualities of the nose, such as complex topography, mobile free margins, and multiple nasal subunits. Furthermore, loss of internal nasal lining and/or structural skeletal support may be present following removal of extensive skin cancers.
Objective:
To describe our experience with the use of forehead flap reconstruction for extensive nasal defects.
Design:
Retrospective case series.
Setting:
Academic health care hospital system.
Patients/Intervention:
One hundred forty-seven patients with extensive nasal defects repaired with a forehead flap.
Main Outcome Measures:
The functional and aesthetic results were assessed. The characteristics of defects repaired with the forehead flap and the need for lining and/or cartilage were examined.
Results:
The forehead flap was used to repair 147 nasal defects after Mohs excision of nonmelanoma skin cancer. Full-thickness skin was lost in all cases, structural skeletal support in 68 cases (46%), and internal mucosal lining in 45 cases (31%). Our experience and surgical technique using the forehead flap are described.
Conclusions:
The forehead flap represents one of the best methods for repair of extensive nasal defects. Near-normal functional and cosmetic results can be achieved.
Related Concept Videos
01:14Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...
01:27Cranial Bones: Lateral View
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...