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Related Concept Videos

Vision01:24

Vision

60.8K
Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
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Channel Rhodopsins01:11

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Most organisms use photoreceptors to sense and respond to light. Examples of photoreceptors include bacteriorhodopsins and bacteriophytochromes in some bacteria, phytochromes in plants, and rhodopsins in the photoreceptor cells of the vertebral retina. The light-sensitive property of these receptors is because of the bound chromophores, such as bilin in the phytochromes and retinal in the rhodopsins.
Rhodopsins belong to the family of cell surface proteins called G-protein coupled receptors,...
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Aquaporins01:25

Aquaporins

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Aquaporins or AQPs are a family of integral membrane proteins whose primary function is to transport water, while some called aquaglyceroporins also transport glycerol. In addition, aquaporins have also been suspected to be involved in transporting volatile substances, such as carbon dioxide and ammonia, across membranes. Such AQPs that act as gas channels are often highly expressed in cells involved in the gaseous exchange, such as red blood cells, epithelial cells, and pulmonary capillaries.
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Mechanisms controlling the sensitivity of the Limulus lateral eye in natural lighting.

Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology·2003
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Spatial control of rhabdom shedding in the lateral eye of the American horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus.

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Retinal anatomy of Chorocaris chacei, a deep-sea hydrothermal vent shrimp from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.

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Dawn, diacylglycerol, calcium, and protein kinase C--the retinal wrecking crew. A signal transduction cascade for rhabdom shedding in the Limulus eye.

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Vision in hydrothermal vent shrimp.

S C Chamberlain1

  • 1Department of Bioengineering and Neuroscience and Institute for Sensory Research, Syracuse University, NY 13244-5290, USA.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
|November 18, 2000
PubMed
Summary

Deep-sea hydrothermal vent shrimp possess unique, non-imaging eyes for detecting faint light. These adaptations suggest an evolutionary history from ancestors in brighter, cyclic lighting conditions.

Area of Science:

  • Marine biology
  • Evolutionary biology
  • Sensory ecology

Background:

  • Bresiliid shrimp inhabit deep-sea hydrothermal vents on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
  • These shrimp exhibit non-imaging eyes adapted for extremely low-light environments.
  • Comparison with surface-dwelling shrimp and developmental stages provides insight into evolutionary adaptations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the retinal adaptations of hydrothermal vent shrimp.
  • To infer the ancestral light environment of vent shrimp based on their ocular morphology.
  • To understand the diversity of eye structure in relation to social behavior (swarming vs. sparse groupings).

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of retinal structures between vent shrimp and surface-dwelling shrimp.

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  • Examination of retinal structures in juvenile versus adult vent shrimp.
  • Morphological assessment of eye components including dioptrics, photoreceptors, screening pigment, and light-diffusing layers.

    • Main Results:

    • Vent shrimp eyes lack dioptrics and possess enlarged rhabdomeral segments and rhabdomeres for enhanced photosensitivity.
    • Reduced screening pigment and a white diffusing layer behind photoreceptors optimize light capture in low-intensity environments.
    • Adult vent shrimp show adaptations such as attenuated arhabdomeral segments and the loss of rhabdom turnover.
    • Retinal adaptations are consistent across vent shrimp species regardless of eye position (dorsal or anterior) or social grouping.

    Conclusions:

    • Hydrothermal vent shrimp have evolved specialized non-imaging eyes for detecting scarce light.
    • Ocular adaptations suggest an evolutionary trajectory from ancestors accustomed to bright, cyclic light.
    • Despite variations in eye placement, fundamental retinal adaptations are conserved among vent shrimp species.