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New perspective on cosmic coincidence problems

Arkani-Hamed1, Hall, Kolda

  • 1Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 Theoretical Physics Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|November 18, 2000
PubMed
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This study introduces a new cosmological framework where the universe's energy density components are naturally aligned. This resolves the "Why now?" problem by making this cosmic epoch inevitable.

Area of Science:

  • Cosmology
  • Theoretical Physics
  • Particle Physics

Background:

  • Current cosmological models face a "triple coincidence" problem: the near-equal densities of dark energy (Lambda), matter (M), and radiation (R).
  • The "Why now?" problem questions why these densities are comparable specifically during our current epoch.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a theoretical framework that inherently resolves the "triple coincidence" and "Why now?" problems in cosmology.
  • To establish a connection between fundamental mass scales and the observed cosmological constant.

Main Methods:

  • Introducing a framework that mandates the "triple coincidence" by linking relevant mass scales.
  • Utilizing the electroweak scale (M_EW) and Planck scale (M_Pl) as the only relevant mass scales.
  • Developing a model where a false vacuum energy generates the cosmological constant.

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Main Results:

  • The proposed framework makes the "triple coincidence" an inevitable outcome, not a mere coincidence.
  • The "Why now?" problem is significantly reframed and ameliorated within this new structure.
  • A parametric relation rho^(1/4)(Lambda) approximately M^(2)(EW)/M(Pl) is derived.

Conclusions:

  • The presented framework offers a compelling solution to long-standing cosmological puzzles.
  • The model suggests that the observed cosmological constant arises from a false vacuum energy.
  • This approach provides a new perspective on the evolution and current state of the universe.