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Related Experiment Videos

Augmentation, not blocking, in an A+/AX+ flavor-conditioning procedure.

J D Batson1, W R Batsell

  • 1Department of Psychology, Furman University, Greenville, SC 29613, USA. john.batson@furman.edu

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
|November 18, 2000
PubMed
Summary

Pavlovian conditioning typically weakens responses to stimulus X. However, this study found that a preconditioned odor (A+) actually enhanced taste aversion learning (AX+), a phenomenon termed augmentation.

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral neuroscience
  • Learning and memory
  • Animal models

Background:

  • Pavlovian conditioning is a fundamental learning process.
  • Typically, pre-exposure to a stimulus (A+) can block or weaken subsequent conditioning to that stimulus (X) when presented in compound (AX+).
  • This phenomenon is known as blocking in the associative learning literature.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of preconditioning an odor (A+) on subsequent taste aversion learning (AX+) in rats.
  • To determine if pre-exposure to an odor influences the conditioning of a taste aversion.
  • To introduce and define a new term, 'augmentation,' for this observed effect.

Main Methods:

  • Rats underwent an initial odor-illness (A+) conditioning phase.

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  • Subsequently, rats received pairings of the odor and a taste (AX+) with an emetic unconditioned stimulus (US).
  • Control groups and variations in conditioning trials were used to isolate the effect and rule out alternative explanations like stimulus generalization.

    • Main Results:

    • In both experiments, the preconditioned odor (A+) significantly facilitated conditioning to the taste (X).
    • Experiment 1 showed that more extensive odor-illness pairings led to a stronger taste aversion.
    • Experiment 2 confirmed that this enhanced taste aversion was not due to stimulus generalization.

    Conclusions:

    • The results demonstrate a novel outcome in flavor aversion learning, where prior conditioning to an odor enhances subsequent taste aversion learning.
    • This effect, termed augmentation, contrasts with the typical blocking effect observed in Pavlovian conditioning.
    • Augmentation offers a new perspective on how prior learning experiences modulate associative strength and stimulus processing.