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Stroop interference and negative priming: problems with inferences from null results.

P Marí-Beffa¹, A F Estévez, S Danziger

¹School of Psychology, University of Wales, Bangor, Gwynedd, Wales. pbeffa@bangor.ac.uk

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review

|November 18, 2000

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The Stroop effect, often seen as automatic word processing, can be eliminated by coloring single letters. However, this elimination does not mean words aren't processed, as shown by negative priming experiments.

Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Experimental Psychology

Background:

The Stroop color-naming effect is traditionally considered evidence for automatic word processing.
Recent findings suggest word processing may not be entirely automatic if the Stroop effect can be prevented.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate whether the elimination of the Stroop effect implies a lack of word processing.
To assess if word meaning is processed even when the Stroop effect is absent.

Main Methods:

Utilized a negative-priming procedure combined with a manipulation that eliminates the Stroop effect (coloring a single letter).
Compared performance on color naming tasks under conditions with and without the Stroop effect.

Main Results:

Intact negative priming was observed from the prime color word, even when the Stroop effect was absent.

Related Experiment Videos

This indicates that the meaning of the prime word was processed despite the lack of a behavioral Stroop interference.

Conclusions:

The elimination of the Stroop effect is not sufficient evidence to conclude that a word is not processed.
Converging methods, such as negative priming, are crucial for accurately evaluating the extent of cognitive processing.