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Gender differences in tolerance to lower body negative pressure.

R W Gotshall1

  • 1Colorado State University, Department of Health and Exercise Science, Fort Collins 80523-1582, USA. gotshall@cahs.colostate.edu

Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine
|November 22, 2000
PubMed
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Women exhibit lower tolerance to lower body negative pressure (LBNP) than men, despite similar cardiovascular responses as presyncope approaches. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms behind this gender difference in LBNP tolerance.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Human Physiology
  • Gender Differences in Physiology

Background:

  • Previous research indicates women have reduced tolerance to lower body negative pressure (LBNP) compared to men.
  • The underlying physiological mechanisms for this observed gender disparity remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if women exhibit less tolerance to presyncopal lower body negative pressure (LBNP) than men, assessed by multiple tolerance indices.
  • To determine if cardiovascular responses to LBNP are similar between genders as presyncope is approached, irrespective of individual LBNP tolerance levels.

Main Methods:

  • Eighteen men and 18 women of similar fitness levels underwent a stepwise lower body negative pressure (LBNP) protocol to the point of presyncope.
  • Key cardiovascular parameters including heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (Q), blood pressure (BP), and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) were continuously monitored.

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  • Data were analyzed comparing women to all men and to subgroups of men with similar (low-tolerant) and higher (high-tolerant) LBNP tolerance.

    • Main Results:

    • Women demonstrated significantly lower LBNP tolerance across all measured indices, including duration, maximal tolerated pressure, cumulative stress, and linear tolerance.
    • Despite differences in tolerance, cardiovascular responses to LBNP were comparable between women and men as presyncope was approached.
    • Specifically, increases in HR and decreases in Q, BP, and SVR showed similar patterns in women and men (low-tolerant and high-tolerant) nearing presyncope.

    Conclusions:

    • Women possess lower lower body negative pressure (LBNP) tolerance than men, though a considerable overlap exists between genders.
    • Cardiovascular responses during LBNP are similar across genders and tolerance levels as presyncope nears.
    • Further investigation into how LBNP stress triggers cardiovascular decompensation is crucial for understanding gender-specific tolerance differences.