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Mechanisms for slow strengthening in granular materials

Losert1, Geminard, Nasuno

  • 1Physics Department, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania 19041, USA.

Physical Review. E, Statistical Physics, Plasmas, Fluids, and Related Interdisciplinary Topics
|November 23, 2000
PubMed
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Granular materials strengthen over time, especially when shear stress is applied during rest. This strengthening is linked to particle rearrangement and humidity, but not solely caused by them.

Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Geophysics

Background:

  • Granular materials exhibit time-dependent strengthening under low applied stress.
  • Understanding these strengthening mechanisms is crucial for various applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the mechanisms behind granular material strengthening over time.
  • Determine the influence of shear stress, particle arrangement, and humidity on material strength.

Main Methods:

  • Measuring maximum frictional force (Fmax) using a shearing plate.
  • Utilizing sensitive displacement measurements and imaging of particle motion.
  • Analyzing granular material behavior at rest and under applied shear stress.

Main Results:

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  • Material strength increases logarithmically with waiting time (tau) when shear stress is applied.
  • Slow particle rearrangement under shear stress contributes to strengthening.
  • Humidity also promotes strengthening, but is not the sole factor.

Conclusions:

  • Granular material strengthening is a complex phenomenon influenced by shear stress, particle dynamics, and environmental factors like humidity.
  • Time-dependent strengthening is primarily driven by particle rearrangement under shear.
  • Static friction can be further enhanced by compaction and stress cycling.