Propagation of focused and multibeam laser energy in biological tissue

The results of a Monte Carlo simulation of laser beam propagation in turbid media are presented. The study was performed to determine whether using a focused beam or multiple beams instead of a single collimated beam could improve subsurface laser energy delivery in biological tissue. A parametric study was carried out to determine both the laser fluence at a target depth and the ratio of fluence at the target over surface fluence as a function of tissue properties and the mode of energy delivery. It was found that the reduced scattering coefficient was the primary determinant as to whether multibeam or focused beam delivery could be effective. A focused beam was found to be extremely effective in increasing fluence at the target if the dimensionless reduced scattering coefficient was less than 2. The delivered fluence, however, was found to be extremely sensitive to tissue properties. A five-beam laser system was found to be less effective at increasing fluence at the target than a focused beam; but the fluence delivered by a five-beam system was far less sensitive to tissue properties, thereby making accurate dosimetry more feasible.