Treatment of life-threatening lithium toxicity with high-volume continuous venovenous hemofiltration

There is still debate as to the preferred extracorporeal treatment modality for severe lithium intoxication. Because lithium is readily diffusable, intermittent hemodialysis is usually performed. However, this bares the risk of a post-dialysis rebound concentration and, in the case of severe lithium poisoning collapse, aggravation of hemodynamic instability. Because of the relatively slow but continuous solute removal, continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) may be advantageous. We report the first case in the literature of severe lithium intoxication treated effectively with high-volume continuous venovenous hemofiltration (HV-CVVH). Results compared favorably to other forms of CRRT in terms of lithium clearance. Ease of implementation, the excellent tolerability and the superior lithium clearance without rebound phenomenon may make HV-CVVH the preferred treatment modality for severe lithium poisoning.