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Updated: Oct 10, 2026

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Establishment and Evaluation of a Porcine Vein Graft Disease Model
Published on: July 25, 2022
Closed chest bilateral mammary artery grafting in double-vessel coronary artery disease
U Kappert1, R Cichon, J Schneider
1Cardiovascular Institute, University of Dresden, Germany.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery
|November 28, 2000
Abstract:
A clinical case of a closed chest double-vessel total endoscopic coronary artery bypass procedure was performed using a wrist-enhanced, three-dimensional-based robotic system. A patient suffering from lesions of the left coronary artery system was effectively treated surgically without median sternotomy or minithoracotomy. This encourages optimism for introducing closed chest endoscopic bypass operations into the surgical routine for patients suffering from double-vessel coronary artery disease.
