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Related Concept Videos

Bacterial Meningitis01:24

Bacterial Meningitis

Bacterial meningitis is a severe infectious disease involving inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It occurs when pathogenic bacteria cross the blood–brain barrier and enter the cerebrospinal fluid. Common causative organisms include Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type b, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli K1. The exact route of entry varies by pathogen and host condition.Routes of Entry...
Viral Meningitis01:18

Viral Meningitis

Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
Cryptococcal Meningitis01:27

Cryptococcal Meningitis

Cryptococcal meningitis is a life-threatening opportunistic infection predominantly associated with HIV/AIDS, accounting for over 100,000 deaths annually worldwide. However, it also affects individuals with other forms of immunosuppression, including those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, organ transplant recipients, patients with innate immunodeficiencies, and individuals with hematological disorders. The infection is caused mainly by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii,...
Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction01:22

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction

Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...
Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology01:26

Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology

Bacterial meningitis typically begins when pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonize the nasopharynx and invade the bloodstream. This process is facilitated by bacterial virulence factors, such as polysaccharide capsules, which resist phagocytosis and complement-mediated killing. Less commonly, bacteria reach the central nervous system via contiguous spread from infections like otitis media or sinusitis, through congenital or acquired dural defects, or...
Brain Abscess l: Introduction01:26

Brain Abscess l: Introduction

A brain abscess is a focal, intracerebral infection characterized by a localized collection of pus within the brain parenchyma, resulting from microbial invasion and the body’s inflammatory response. It progresses through stages: early and late cerebritis, followed by early and late capsule formation, reflecting tissue destruction, immune response, and eventual encapsulation.Etiology and PathogenesisCausative organisms vary with source and host factors, often involving polymicrobial infections,...

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Updated: Jul 24, 2026

Inducing Meningococcal Meningitis Serogroup C in Mice via Intracisternal Delivery
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Inducing Meningococcal Meningitis Serogroup C in Mice via Intracisternal Delivery

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Chronic Meningitis.

Tunkel1

  • 1MCP Hahnemann University, 3300 Henry Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA.

Current Infectious Disease Reports
|November 30, 2000
PubMed
Summary

Chronic meningitis can stem from various infections like spirochetes, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and fungi. Advances in diagnostics and treatments, particularly for cryptococcal meningitis, have improved patient outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Neurology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Chronic meningitis presents diverse etiologies including spirochetes, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and fungi.
  • HIV infection has significantly impacted the incidence and epidemiology of chronic meningitis globally.
  • Developing countries face unique challenges in managing chronic meningitis due to the HIV epidemic.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the spectrum of infectious causes of chronic meningitis.
  • To discuss the impact of HIV on meningitis epidemiology.
  • To highlight advancements in diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for chronic meningitis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of infectious causes of chronic meningitis.
  • Analysis of the epidemiological impact of HIV on meningitis.

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  • Overview of diagnostic innovations, including polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
  • Review of evolving management strategies for fungal meningitis.

    • Main Results:

    • Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has enhanced the identification of challenging etiologic agents like M. tuberculosis.
    • New antifungal agents and adjunctive therapies have transformed the management of cryptococcal meningitis.
    • Understanding the influence of HIV is crucial for global meningitis control.

    Conclusions:

    • Effective management of chronic meningitis requires accurate diagnosis and tailored treatment strategies.
    • Continued research into novel diagnostics and therapeutics is essential.
    • Public health initiatives addressing HIV are critical for reducing meningitis burden worldwide.