Neuromuscular Complications of HIV-1 Infection

Neuromuscular disorders are the most frequent neurologic complications that occur in patients with HIV infection. The distinction among the different forms of peripheral neuropathy (ie, distal symmetrical polyneuropathy, polyradiculopathy, mononeuritis multiplex) is crucial in determining their potential etiology and treatment. Distal symmetrical polyneuropathy is most common in HIV-infected patients with advanced immunosuppression and may also result from neurotoxicity of several antiretroviral agents. Myopathy may occur at any stage of HIV disease, and has also been described as a toxic side effect of zidovudine. This paper reviews current knowledge of pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and treatment of HIV-associated neuromuscular disorders.