Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are emerging as a significant source of foodborne infectious disease in the developed world. Multistate outbreaks of E. coli O157 and non-O157 serogroups in the United States are facilitated by the centralization of food processing and distribution. Our ability to recognize the clonality of these clusters has been advanced by developments in molecular detection techniques and in the establishment of active surveillance practices. These studies have helped identify important risk factors for both sporadic and outbreak STEC infection, allowing us to develop appropriate prevention strategies. Identification of these factors is of critical importance because of the lack of adequate treatments available. This brief review of the literature discusses major developments in the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of STEC disease published in the past few years.